Datasets

× This is a replication data for the tables presented in the article, "Can transfers and complementary nutrition programming reduce intimate partner violence four years post-program? Experimental evidence from Bangladesh.” A detailed description of each variable in this dataset is included in this article. The sampling procedure employed and the raw data are also described in the article.

× This dataset is the result of the health facility assessment survey that was conducted to gather data for the baseline part of the impact evaluation study of the Alive & Thrive (A&T) interventions delivered through the Urban Maternal, Neonatal and Child Health (MNCH) Services in Bangladesh. These include building capacity for health providers and nutritional counselors in urban health clinics, creating a friendly environment for maternal infant, and young child nutrition (MIYCN) counseling in clinic settings, community mobilization for demand creation of MIYCN services, interpersonal counseling on diet during pregnancy and consumption of iron folic acid (IFA) and calcium, promotion of adequate weight-gain monitoring during pregnancy, and counseling on breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices.
A&T is a global initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding, and complementary feeding practices. Using a quasi-experimental design, the primary objectives of the A&T evaluation study in Bangladesh are to answer the following questions:
1) Is it feasible to standardize the delivery of MIYCN counseling services in existing urban health facilities?
2) Can the quality of MIYCN counseling services be improved by upgrading and standardizing existing MIYCN counseling services in urban health facilities?
3) What are the impacts of standardized and upgraded MIYCN counseling services on the utilization of MIYCN services?
4) What are the impacts of standardized and upgraded MIYCN counseling service on the knowledge and behaviors of clients including:
4.1) Pregnant women: 1) consumption of diversified foods; 2) intake of IFA and calcium supplements during pregnancy
4.2) Mothers of children <1 y: age-appropriate infant feeding The baseline survey used 24 facilities in Dhaka, Bangladesh, with a non-random assignment of facilities to the intervention and control groups. Eight facilities from two NGOs of Radda and Marie Stopes received the intervention, while sixteen facilities operated by Nari Maitree and Shimantik served as the comparison group. The survey took place in October 2019 and February-March 2020 by the team from International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), in collaboration with the survey firm, DATA (Data Management and Technical Assistance). The baseline survey comprised four questionnaires: 1) health facility assessment; 2) provider survey; 3) case observations and 4) client interviews. The health facility assessment contained modules related to facility infrastructure, services provided to women and children, service readiness, caseload, and availability of trained providers.

× The dataset consists of the replication files from the analysis of the empowerment impact of the Agriculture, Gender, and Nutrition Linkages (ANGeL) project in Bangladesh. ANGeL was a cluster-randomized controlled trial implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture, Government of Bangladesh, with IFPRI as its evaluation partner. ANGeL aimed to assess interventions that can leverage agricultural growth to increase farm household incomes, improve nutrition, and enhance women’s empowerment in Bangladesh. There were three types of interventions: (1 ) Agriculture Production: Facilitating the production of the high-value food commodities that are rich in essential nutrients; (2) Nutrition Knowledge: Conducting high-quality behavior change communication (BCC) to improve the nutrition knowledge of women and men; (3) Gender Sensitization: Undertaking gender sensitization activities that lead to the improvement in the status/empowerment of women and gender parity between women and men. We implemented a clustered randomized controlled trial with the following arms: T-A: Agricultural Production training; T-N: Nutrition Behavior Change Communication (BCC); T-AN: Agricultural Production training and Nutrition BCC; T-ANG: Agricultural Production training, Nutrition BCC, and Gender Sensitization; and C: Control. Details on sampling can be found in Quisumbing et al. (2021) [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105622].
Baseline data were collected between November 2015 and January 2016. Endline data were collected between January and March 2018. In each household, both the primary female beneficiary and primary male beneficiary were interviewed. Although the male and female beneficiaries were interviewed separately, some modules were answered by only the male (e.g., household demographics, assets and wealth, agricultural production, non-food consumption, and expenditures), some were answered by only the female (e.g., food consumption and food security indicators, dietary data, anthropometry, women’s status and decision-making autonomy, the experience of IPV), and some were answered separately by each (e.g., data needed to construct the Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI), gender attitudes, time preferences, agency). Several modules related to empowerment, gender attitudes, IPV, and experience with the program were administered only at endline. In the case of empowerment, the pro-WEAI (Malapit et al. 2019) [https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.12374] was administered at endline but was not available at baseline as it was still under development; instead, at baseline, the abbreviated WEAI (A-WEAI, see Malapit et al. 2017) [http://ebrary.ifpri.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15738coll2/id/131231] was fielded. Questions on gender attitudes and IPV were motivated in part by the Nurturing Connections curriculum, which was made available after baseline, thus were included only at endline.

× The Nexus Project is a collaboration between IFPRI and its partners, including national statistical agencies and research institutions. Our aim is to improve the quality of social accounting matrices (SAMs) used for computable general equilibrium (CGE) modeling. The Nexus Project develops toolkits and establishes common data standards, procedures, and classification systems for constructing and updating national SAMs. The 2018 Bangladesh SAM follows the Standard Nexus Structure. The open access version of the Bangladesh SAM separates domestic production into 42 activities. Factors are disaggregated into labor, agricultural land, and capital. Labor is further disaggregated across three education categories. Representative households are disaggregated by rural and urban areas and by per capita expenditure quintile. The remaining accounts include enterprises, government, taxes, savings-and-investment, and the rest of the word.

× This dataset is the result of the household survey conducted to gather data at baseline as a part of an impact evaluation study of Alive & Thrive (A&T) interventions delivered through Building Resources Across Communities' (BRAC) Essential Health Care (EHC) Program in Bangladesh. The objective of the impact evaluation study is to evaluate the synergistic impact of A&T’s community component along with media communications and private sector activities such as the promotion and integration of micronutrient powders.

A&T is a six-year initiative to facilitate change for improved infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices at scale in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Viet Nam. The goal of A&T is to reduce avoidable death and disability due to suboptimal IYCF in the developing world by increasing exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) until 6 months of age and reducing stunting of children 0-24 months of age.

In Bangladesh, A&T is working with the government, nongovernmental organizations, and private initiatives to support the implementation of the National IYCF Strategy and Action Plan. The BRAC organization is delivering A&T’s community interventions within its EHC Program and its Maternal, Neonatal, and Child Health (MNCH) Program. BRAC’s frontline health workers, known as Shasthya Shebika and Shasthya Kormi, delivered age-appropriate IYCF counseling and support services during home visits, antenatal and postnatal sessions, and health forums.

The baseline survey conducted as part of the impact evaluation of A&T interventions delivered through BRAC’s EHC platform had four components—(i) census, (ii) household survey, (iii) community survey, and (iv) frontline health workers survey. The census gathered data on household composition and child age, and was used to generate the sampling frame for the survey in the selected survey villages. The household survey captured the main impact indicators for A&T (WHO-recommended IYCF indicators and child anthropometry), use and exposure to A&T’s intervention platforms, and a variety of other data related to the use of the interventions. This included data on caregiver knowledge and perceptions about IYCF practices, challenges experienced in relation to IYCF practices, caregiver resources (such as education, childcare knowledge, and experience, and physical and mental health) and household resources (such as household composition, socioeconomic status, and food security). The community survey provided data on key community characteristics such as availability of infrastructure, availability, and access to education, health services, and healthcare providers. The frontline health worker survey gathered data on service provision by BRAC frontline health workers, traditional birth attendants (TBA), and village doctors. Data were also gathered on health worker time commitment, knowledge and attitude and training related to IYCF, and their job motivation, satisfaction, and supervision.

The data included here are from the survey of households. The survey was conducted in the 20upazilas across 13 districts in Bangladesh between April and August 2010 by the IFPRI team in collaboration with Data Analysis and Technical Assistance, Ltd. (DATA).

× This dataset is the result of the frontline health worker (FLW) survey conducted to gather data for a process evaluation as a part of an impact evaluation study of Alive & Thrive (A&T) interventions delivered through Building Resources Across Communities' (BRAC) Essential Health Care (EHC) Program in Bangladesh. The objective of the impact evaluation study is to evaluate the synergistic impact of A&T’s community component along with media communications and private sector activities such as the promotion and integration of micronutrient powders.

A&T is a six-year initiative to facilitate change for improved infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices at scale in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Viet Nam. The goal of A&T is to reduce avoidable death and disability due to suboptimal IYCF in the developing world by increasing exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) until 6 months of age and reducing stunting of children 0-24 months of age.

In Bangladesh, A&T is working with the government, nongovernmental organizations, and private initiatives to support the implementation of the National IYCF Strategy and Action Plan. The BRAC organization is delivering A&T’s community interventions within its EHC Program and its Maternal, Neonatal, and Child Health (MNCH) Program. BRAC’s frontline health workers, known as Shasthya Shebika and Shasthya Kormi, delivered age-appropriate IYCF counseling and support services during home visits, antenatal and postnatal sessions, and health forums.

The process evaluation survey conducted as part of the impact evaluation of A&T interventions delivered through BRAC’s EHC platform had two components—(i) household survey, and (ii) frontline health workers survey. The household survey captured the main impact indicators for A&T (WHO-recommended IYCF indicators and child anthropometry), use and exposure to A&T’s intervention platforms, and a variety of other data related to the use of the interventions. This included data on caregiver knowledge and perceptions about IYCF practices, challenges experienced in relation to IYCF practices, caregiver resources (such as education, childcare knowledge, and experience, and physical and mental health) and household resources (such as household composition, socioeconomic status, and food security). The frontline health worker survey gathered data on service provision by BRAC frontline health workers, traditional birth attendants (TBA), and village doctors. Data were also gathered on health worker time commitment, knowledge and attitude and training related to IYCF, complementary feeding, sanitation and hygiene practices, and their job supervision and contact with other workers; their knowledge and skills about Pustikona.

Three questionnaires were developed for frontline health workers survey—(i) Shasthya Shebika (SS) questionnaire, (ii) Shasthya Kormi (SK) questionnaire, and (iii) Pushti Kormi questionnaire. The data included here are from the survey of Shasthya Shebika. The survey was conducted in the 25 upazilas across 13 districts in Bangladesh between April and August 2013 by the IFPRI team in collaboration with Data Analysis and Technical Assistance, Ltd. (DATA).

× This dataset is the result of the frontline health worker (FLW) survey conducted to gather data at an endline as a part of an impact evaluation study of Alive & Thrive (A&T) interventions delivered through Building Resources Across Communities' (BRAC) Essential Health Care (EHC) Program in Bangladesh. The objective of the impact evaluation study is to evaluate the synergistic impact of A&T’s community component along with media communications and private sector activities such as the promotion and integration of micronutrient powders.

A&T is a six-year initiative to facilitate change for improved infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices at scale in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Viet Nam. The goal of A&T is to reduce avoidable death and disability due to suboptimal IYCF in the developing world by increasing exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) until 6 months of age and reducing stunting of children 0-24 months of age.

In Bangladesh, A&T is working with the government, nongovernmental organizations, and private initiatives to support the implementation of the National IYCF Strategy and Action Plan. The BRAC organization is delivering A&T’s community interventions within its EHC Program and its Maternal, Neonatal, and Child Health (MNCH) Program. BRAC’s frontline health workers, known as Shasthya Shebika and Shasthya Kormi, delivered age-appropriate IYCF counseling and support services during home visits, antenatal and postnatal sessions, and health forums.

The endline survey conducted as part of the impact evaluation of A&T interventions delivered through BRAC’s EHC platform had three components—(i) household survey, (ii) community survey, and (iii) frontline health workers survey. The household survey captured the main impact indicators for A&T (WHO-recommended IYCF indicators and child anthropometry), use and exposure to A&T’s intervention platforms, and a variety of other data related to the use of the interventions. This included data on caregiver knowledge and perceptions about IYCF practices, challenges experienced in relation to IYCF practices, caregiver resources (such as education, childcare knowledge, and experience, and physical and mental health) and household resources (such as household composition, socioeconomic status, and food security). The endline household survey was developed using the baseline evaluation questionnaires as a base, and adapted to capture key program activities, particularly with regards to the use of A&T community services and exposure to mass media. The community survey provided data on key community characteristics such as availability of infrastructure, availability, and access to education, health services, and healthcare providers. The frontline health worker survey gathered data on service provision by BRAC frontline health workers, traditional birth attendants (TBA), and village doctors. Data were also gathered on health worker time commitment, knowledge and attitude and training related to IYCF, and their job motivation, satisfaction, and supervision.

Three questionnaires were developed for frontline health workers survey—(i) Shasthya Shebika (SS) questionnaire, (ii) Shasthya Kormi (SK) questionnaire, and (iii) Pushti Kormi questionnaire. The data included here are from the survey of Shasthya Shebika. The survey was conducted in the 20 upazilas across 10 districts in Bangladesh between April and June 2014 by the IFPRI team in collaboration with Data Analysis and Technical Assistance, Ltd. (DATA).

× This dataset is the result of the follow-up household survey conducted in 2016 to collect data on the sustained impacts of A&T’s behavior change communication interventions on infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices in Bangladesh which include: 1) Sustained impact on IYCF practices and knowledges, 2) Expansion of program exposure and promoted practices into new areas, and 3) Diffusion of IYCF information.
A&T is a global initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices.
During Phase 1 (A&T-1, 2009-2014), A&T Bangladesh were designed to support improvements in IYCF primarily by improving policy and regulatory environments (advocacy) and shaping IYCF demand and practice (community-based interventions and mass media).
In 2014, IFPRI in collaboration with DATA conducted the endline survey. The overall findings of the impact evaluation indicated that A&T’s work in Bangladesh is a remarkable success story of scaling up what has been challenging to date in the field of nutrition: complex, high intensity and at-scale behavior change communication interventions.
Since the termination of A&T-1 project support in 2014, BRAC has continued to deliver interpersonal counseling on IYCF through its cadres of frontline health workers to over 90% of the country (456 out of 490 upazilas) with the support of other external donor funds, with several additional modifications (e.g. added focus on maternal nutrition, less frequent training and supervision, and reduced performance based incentives).
In 2016, a follow-up study was conducted to examine the sustained impact on IYCF practices, expansion of program exposure and promoted practices into new areas, and diffusion of IYCF information. Because achievements related to service delivery and outcomes were intended to be sustained in the A&T-1 intensive areas and later expanded to other areas where BRAC’s Essential Health Care program operates, including the A&T-1 comparison or non-intensive areas (described further in the next section), the study aimed to examine elements in both the original A&T intensive and A&T non-intensive areas.
The follow-up survey consisted of two questionnaires: 1) community, and 2) household/mother survey and was conducted between April and June of 2016. A census form was applied to each village in order to capture administrative information on household location, household composition, and literacy and main occupations of all household members. The form also identified households with children 0-24 months of age, to generate the on-site household sampling list.
The follow-up study was conducted in the same 20 rural subdistricts using a similar design to the original impact evaluation design.
The follow-up household survey used similar sampling frames as the 2010 baseline/2014 endline household surveys and included:
1. Households with children 0-5.9 months of age for assessing exclusive breastfeeding (EBF): 600 in intervention and 600 in comparison areas.

2. Households with children 6-23.9 months of age for assessing complementary feeding (CF) practices: 600 in intervention and 600 in comparison areas.

Thus, a total of 2400 households were included in the follow-up study. In each household, the mother of the index child was the primary respondent of the survey.

× This dataset is the result of the frontline health worker (FHW) survey conducted to gather data for the Maternal Nutrition Baseline as a part of an impact evaluation study of Alive & Thrive (A&T) interventions delivered through Building Resources Across Communities' (BRAC) Essential Health Care (EHC) Program in Bangladesh.
A&T is a global initiative that supports the scaling up of nutrition interventions to save lives, prevent illnesses, and contribute to healthy growth and development through improved maternal nutrition, breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices.
In setting its country program goal for Bangladesh in this phase of its study, A&T decided to focus on demonstrating the feasibility of integrating a package of maternal nutrition interventions in a large-scale Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health (MNCH) program. Maternal nutrition should receive equal priority as child nutrition and the A&T program of BRAC already have developed an effective strategy through improving IYCF practices.
The objective of this impact evaluation is to assess the impact of integrating nutrition-focused behavior change communication (BCC- interpersonal counselling and mass communication) and community mobilization into BRAC's rural MNCH program on: 1) coverage and utilization of key maternal nutrition interventions; 2) consumption of diversified and adequate amount of foods and micronutrients by pregnant and postpartum women; and 3) early breastfeeding practices. In addition, factors affecting integration of nutrition interventions into a well-established community-based MNCH program platform through frontline health workers and social mobilization were examined.
The study used a cluster-randomized design with repeated cross-sectional surveys at baseline and endline. Ten subdistricts from four districts (Mymensingh, Rangpur, Kurigram, and Lalmonirhat) in which BRAC's existing rural MNCH project is in place have been selected randomly to provide intensified maternal nutrition interventions. Another 10 subdisctricts/upazilas from the same four districts have been selected as comparison for the evaluation.
The baseline survey was conducted in 20 upazilas in Bangladesh between July and August 2015, and had three components: 1) Household survey for recently delivered women (RDW) and their husbands, 2) Household survey for pregnant women (PW) (with detailed dietary recall), and 3) a Frontline health workers survey (Shasthya Shebika (SS) and Shasthya Kormi (SK)).
The frontline health worker (FHW) survey gathered data on service provision by BRAC frontline health workers and other healthcare providers. Data were also gathered on health workers’ time commitment, knowledge and attitude and training related to maternal nutrition, and their job motivation, satisfaction, and supervision. In addition, questions on household assets and mass media habits were included. Two questionnaires were developed for frontline health workers survey—(i) Shasthya Shebika (SS) questionnaire, and (ii) Shasthya Kormi (SK) questionnaire.

× The purpose of the US Global Food Security Strategy (GFSS) 2018/2019 baseline survey in Bangladesh is to provide the U.S. Government interagency partners, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Bureau for Resilience and Food Security (RFS), USAID/Bangladesh, the Government of Bangladesh, and development partners with information on the current status of the Feed the Future Zone of Influence (ZOI)-level population-based survey indicators. The survey is designed to establish the current status of Feed the Future indicators in the ZOI for the second phase of Feed the Future, also known as GFSS. For more information on the US GFSS Bangladesh Country Plan, please visit this link.
Upon request from USAID, IFPRI designed and conducted the US Global Food Security Strategy (GFSS) 2018/2019 baseline survey, which was implemented in the field from November 11, 2018 to February 6, 2019.
The GFSS 2018/2019 baseline survey covers mostly rural areas in the south and southwest region of the country. In addition to the 20 districts in three divisions that create the Feed the Future sample, the GFSS sample added Kushtia district in Khulna division based on its poverty and stunting trends. The 21 districts making up the GFSS are listed below:
1. Barishal division (six districts): Barguna, Barishal, Bhola, Jhalakati, Patuakhali, and Pirojpur;
2. Dhaka division (five districts): Faridpur, Gopalganj, Madaripur, Rajbari, and Shariatpur; and
3. Khulna division (10 districts): Bagerhat, Chuadanga, Jashore, Jhenaidah, Khulna, Kushtia, Magura, Meherpur, Narail, and Satkhira.
The GFSS sample includes 2,525 households in 125 primary sampling units (that is, villages). The GFSS sample design followed a stratified sampling in two stages: (1) randomly selected 125 PSUs (villages) with probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling using the number of households in each village as the size, and (2) after a complete census in each of the selected villages was conducted, randomly selected 20 households per PSU from the census list—using the sampling frame developed from the community series of the 2001 population census of Bangladesh.